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Genome-wide association studies: inherent limitations and future challenges

Yan Du, Jiaxin Xie, Wenjun Chang, Yifang Han, Guangwen Cao

Frontiers of Medicine 2012, Volume 6, Issue 4,   Pages 444-450 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0225-3

Abstract:

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have achieved great success in identifying genetic variantsDeep sequencing followed by functional studies will be needed to elucidate the underpinning biological

Keywords： genome-wide association studies (GWAS)     genetic variant     cancer     limitation     challenge    

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Genomic and pharmacogenetic studies of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Ching-Hon Pui

Frontiers of Medicine 2015, Volume 9, Issue 1,   Pages 1-9 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0381-3

Abstract:

With the cure rate of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) approaching 90%, further improvement in the treatment outcome and quality of life of patients will require better understanding of the mechanisms of drug resistance, identifying new leukemic cell genetic lesions that are amendable to available target therapy, and optimizing treatment based on host pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenomics. Deeper characterization of leukemic cell genetic abnormalities has discovered new subtypes of leukemia such as early T-cell precursor ALL and Philadelphia chromosome-like ALL, and identified many genomic alterations that have diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic implications. In this regard, several novel fusion transcripts are responsive to ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors and potentially to JAK inhibitors. Genome-wide analyses have also unraveled the role of inherited cancer predisposing genes and small nucleotide polymorphisms of several genes in the development of childhood ALL. These advances promise to lead to more sophisticated personalized treatment strategies in the near future.

Keywords： pharmacogenomics     acute lymphoblastic leukemia     genomics     pharmacogenetics    

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Study of properties and the preparation of composite of wheat straw and HDPE/PP

Yang Zhaozhe and Xu min

Strategic Study of CAE 2014, Volume 16, Issue 4,   Pages 30-33

Abstract:

The paper is mixing the raw materials of wheat straw as enhanceosome and highdensity polyethylene/pohyprpylene (HDPE/PP) of thermoplastic to produced wood-plastic composite by adopting extrusion way and researching effect about the content of HDPE and PP on the properties of composite. Under a certain conditions，the high-speed mixer mixed the compound of wheat straw powder and thermoplastics and other auxiliaries，and then the compound were melting prilling by twin-screw extruder followed and molding by the single screw extruder.The mechanical properties of composite of wheat straw and thermoplastic were measured .The results indicated that adding a small amount of wheat straw powder caused the reduction of mechanical properties of wood plastic composite，the mechanical properties of wood plastic composite increased with increasing wheat straw powder content，mechanical properties decreased when the content of wheat straw was more than a certain percentage，especially，the impact property decreased obviously；the test indicated that the mechanical properties of HDPE were higher than PP.

Keywords： wheat straw powder     HDPE     PP     composite materials     performance studies    

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Data quality assessment for studies investigating microplastics and nanoplastics in food products: Are

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 8, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1694-0

Abstract:

● Data quality assessment criteria for MP/NPs in food products were developed.

Keywords： Microplastic     Nanoplastic     Food products     Data quality     Human health risk    

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Technical studies on high-speed turnouts for china railways

He Huawu

Strategic Study of CAE 2009, Volume 11, Issue 5,   Pages 23-30

Abstract:

High-speed turnout serves as a vital part of track structure for high-speed railway, and its structure and condition play an important role in train running safety and quality. In this paper, design parameters and linear plane of high-speed turnout, main structure characteristics of components (including fastening, turnout sleeper, switching system etc.), design theories of high-speed turnout, relevant technical requirements as well as innovative achievements are described, which will offer remarkable guiding significance for the further R&D, test, verification and wide-use of high-speed turnout in China railways.

Keywords： high-speed railway     high-speed turnout     technical studies    

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ROUTE DEVELOPMENT, ANTIVIRAL STUDIES, FIELD EVALUATION AND TOXICITY OF AN ANTIVIRAL PLANT PROTECTANT

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 9, Issue 1, doi: 10.15302/J-FASE- 2021390

Abstract: route provides a solid foundation for its large-scale synthesis and subsequent efficacy and toxicity studies

Keywords： antiviral plant protectant / antiviral in the greenhouse / field evaluation / l-trp-NCA / synthesis optimization / toxicity tests    

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Experimental studies on extraction of cobalt ions from dilute aqueous solutions by using complexation-ultrafiltration

Jianxian ZENG, Junfeng LIU, Niandong HUANG,

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 3,   Pages 360-366 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0269-3

Abstract: The extraction of cobalt ions from dilute aqueous solutions was investigated by ultrafiltration with the help of poly(acrylic acid) sodium salt (PAASS). Polysulfone and polyethersulfone hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes were employed in this process. The kinetics of complexation reaction was studied for PAASS with Co. Results showed that, under a large excess of PAASS, it takes 65, 55 and 40 min at pH 5, 6 and 7, respectively, to get the equilibrium of complexation. The reaction kinetics can be described by a pseudo-first-order equation. Then, the effects of various parameters on the extraction of Co were examined in detail. Results indicated that loading ratio, pH value and low-molecular competitive complexing agent affect significantly cobalt rejection coefficient . Furthermore, a concentration experiment was carried out at pH 7. With increasing volume concentration factor, membrane flux declines slowly, and value is always about 1. The concentrated retentate was used further for a decomplexation experiment. The decomplexation ratio of cobalt-PAASS complex reaches as high as 90.1%. After the decomplexation step, a diafiltration experiment was performed at pH 2.5. Cobalt ions can be extracted satisfactorily from the retentate, and a purified PAASS is obtained.
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Parameter studies on impact in a lap joint

Amir M. RAHMANI,Elizabeth K. ERVIN

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2015, Volume 10, Issue 1,   Pages 64-77 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0322-x

Abstract:

To represent a loose lap joint, a beam impacting four springs with gaps is modeled. Modal analysis with base excitation is solved, and time histories of contact points are closely monitored. Using the impulse during steady state response, six influential parameters are studied: damping ratio, contact stiffness, intermediate contact position, gap, excitation amplitude and beam height. For all parameters, the system response is highly controlled by modes with two contacting springs. Each parameter’s effect on system response is presented including unstable regions, unique trend behaviours result. Recommendations for structural designers are also noted.

Keywords： impact mechanics     contact     joint behaviour     modal analysis     parameter study    

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Simulation studies on metastable phase equilibria in the aqueous ternary systems (NaCl-MgCl

Tianlong DENG, Baojun ZHANG, Dongchan LI, Yafei GUO

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2009, Volume 3, Issue 2,   Pages 172-175 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0048-1

Abstract: The solubilities and densities of the aqueous metastable ternary systems (NaCl-MgCl -H O) and (KCl-MgCl -H O) at 308.15 K were determined by the isothermal evaporation method. On the basis of the experimental results, the phase diagrams for those systems were plotted. It was found that the former system belongs to the hydrate-I type with one invariant point of (NaCl+ MgCl ?6H O), two univariant curves, and two crystallization regions corresponding to halite (NaCl) and bischofite (MgCl ·6H O); and the latter system belongs to the type of incongruent-double salts with two invariant points of (KCl+ KCl·MgCl ·6H O) and (MgCl ·6H O+ KCl·MgCl ·6H O), three univariant curves, and three crystallization regions corresponding to potassium chloride (KCl), carnallite (KCl·MgCl ·6H O) and bischofite (MgCl ·6H O). No solid solutions were found in both systems.

Keywords： green chemistry     solar pond technique     simulation     metastable phase equilibrium     solubility    

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Experimental studies on the influence of porosity on membrane absorption process

GAO Jian, REN Zhongqi, ZHANG Zeting, ZHANG Weidong

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2007, Volume 1, Issue 4,   Pages 385-389 doi: 10.1007/s11705-007-0070-0

Abstract: Eight kinds of flat membranes with different micro-structures were chosen to carry out the membrane absorption experiments with CO and de-ionized water or 0.1 mol · L NaOH solution as the experimental system. According to experimental results, the membrane pores shape (stretched pore and cylinder pore) and membrane thickness do not affect the membrane absorption process, and the membrane porosity has only little influence on membrane absorption process for slow mass transfer system. However, the influence of porosity on the membrane absorption process became visible for fast mass transfer system. Moreover, the mass transfer behavior near the membrane surface on liquid side was studied. The results show that the influence of membrane porosity on mass transfer relates to flow condition, absorption system and distance between micro-pores, etc.

Keywords： de-ionized     · L     different     membrane porosity     CO    

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Experimental and modeling studies on installation of arc sprayed Zn anodes for protection of reinforced

Xianming SHI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 1,   Pages 1-11 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0312-7

Abstract: Experimental studies were conducted both in the laboratory and for a field structure in Oregon.is to achieve strong initial bond strength of new Zn to concrete, which is essential for long-term performance

Keywords： arc sprayed Zn     anode replacement     reinforced concrete     bridge preservation     neural networks     surface profile    

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Imaging studies of in-cylinder HCCI combustion

Pawel LUSZCZ, Hongming XU, Mirek WYZSNSKI, Xiao MA, Rob STEVENS, Athanasios TSOLAKIS

Frontiers in Energy 2011, Volume 5, Issue 3,   Pages 313-321 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0154-x

Abstract: An optically accessed, single cylinder engine operated in homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode with negative valve overlap (NVO) strategy was used to perform combustion processes diagnostics under premixed conditions corresponding to the low load regime of the HCCI operational envelope. The aforementioned processes analysis was conducted utilizing synchronized simultaneous combustion event crank-angle resolved images, acquired through piston crown window with in-cylinder pressure recording. This investigation was carried out for one-step ignition fuel—standard gasoline, fuel proceeding single-stage ignition process under conditions studied. The initial combustion stage is characterized by a maximum local reaction spreading velocity in the range of 40–55 m/s. The later combustion stage reveals values as high as 140 m/s in case of stoichiometric combustion. The mixture as well as combustion stages effects are pronounced in these observed analytical results.

Keywords： high speed imaging     combustion     homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI)     reaction spreading velocity    

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PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in cervical cancer: current studies and perspectives

Yumeng Wang, Guiling Li

Frontiers of Medicine 2019, Volume 13, Issue 4,   Pages 438-450 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0674-4

Abstract: Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most commonly diagnosed female malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries. Despite the use of advanced screening and preventive vaccines, more than half of all CC cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, when therapeutic options are extremely limited and side effects are severe. Given these circumstances, new and effective treatments are needed. In recent years, exciting progress has been made in immunotherapies, including the rapid development of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Checkpoint blockades targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have achieved effective clinical responses with acceptable toxicity by suppressing tumor progression and improving survival in several tumor types. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, including the expression patterns of PD-1/PD-L1 and potential PD-1/PD-L1-related therapeutic strategies for CC.

Keywords： PD-1     PD-L1     immune checkpoint blockade antibody     immunotherapy     cervical cancer    

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Progress in studies of sex determination mechanisms and sex control techniques in

Qian ZHOU,Songlin CHEN

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 3, Issue 2,   Pages 113-123 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016093

Abstract: The (half-smooth tongue sole) is a marine flatfish of great commercial value for fisheries and aquaculture in China. It has a female heterogametic sex determination system (ZW/ZZ) and environmental factors can induce sex-reversal of females to phenotypic males, suggesting that it is a promising model for the study of sex determination mechanisms. Additionally, females grow much faster than males and it is feasible to improve the aquaculture production through sex control techniques. This paper reviews the progress in research on sex determination mechanisms research in our laboratory. We have completed whole-genome sequencing and revealed the genome organization and sex chromosome evolution of . A putative male determining gene was identified and DNA methylation was verified as having a crucial role in the sex reversal process. Genetic maps and sex-specific biomarkers have been used in a marker-assisted selection breeding program and for differentiation of the fish sex. Development and improvement of sex control technologies, including artificial gynogenesis and production of breeding fry with high proportion of females, is also reviewed. These research advances have provided insight into the regulation of sex determination and enabled efficient sex management in artificial culturing of .

Keywords： Cynoglossus semilaevis     sex determination     sex control technique    

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Numerical studies of dynamic behavior of liquid film on single-layer wire mesh with different wettabilities

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering   Pages 1672-1680 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2205-8

Abstract: Surface wettability of wire mesh significantly affects the liquid flow pattern and liquid dispersion performance

Keywords： stainless steel wire mesh     computational fluid dynamics     surface wettability     liquid film     impacting    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Genome-wide association studies: inherent limitations and future challenges

Yan Du, Jiaxin Xie, Wenjun Chang, Yifang Han, Guangwen Cao

Journal Article

Genomic and pharmacogenetic studies of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Ching-Hon Pui

Journal Article

Study of properties and the preparation of composite of wheat straw and HDPE/PP

Yang Zhaozhe and Xu min

Journal Article

Data quality assessment for studies investigating microplastics and nanoplastics in food products: Are

Journal Article

Technical studies on high-speed turnouts for china railways

He Huawu

Journal Article

ROUTE DEVELOPMENT, ANTIVIRAL STUDIES, FIELD EVALUATION AND TOXICITY OF AN ANTIVIRAL PLANT PROTECTANT

Journal Article

Experimental studies on extraction of cobalt ions from dilute aqueous solutions by using complexation-ultrafiltration

Jianxian ZENG, Junfeng LIU, Niandong HUANG,

Journal Article

Parameter studies on impact in a lap joint

Amir M. RAHMANI,Elizabeth K. ERVIN

Journal Article

Simulation studies on metastable phase equilibria in the aqueous ternary systems (NaCl-MgCl

Tianlong DENG, Baojun ZHANG, Dongchan LI, Yafei GUO

Journal Article

Experimental studies on the influence of porosity on membrane absorption process

GAO Jian, REN Zhongqi, ZHANG Zeting, ZHANG Weidong

Journal Article

Experimental and modeling studies on installation of arc sprayed Zn anodes for protection of reinforced

Xianming SHI

Journal Article

Imaging studies of in-cylinder HCCI combustion

Pawel LUSZCZ, Hongming XU, Mirek WYZSNSKI, Xiao MA, Rob STEVENS, Athanasios TSOLAKIS

Journal Article

PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in cervical cancer: current studies and perspectives

Yumeng Wang, Guiling Li

Journal Article

Progress in studies of sex determination mechanisms and sex control techniques in

Qian ZHOU,Songlin CHEN

Journal Article

Numerical studies of dynamic behavior of liquid film on single-layer wire mesh with different wettabilities

Journal Article